Glass containers, such as bottlesor jars of the same material, usually are made of silica sand (about 45%), calcium oxide, and limestone. The raw material melts in a furnace with an internal temperature of up to 1675 degrees Fahrenheit and waits for the next process.
Press-and-blow or blow-and-blow are two different ways to make glass bottles.
The Press-and-Blow process is commonly used in wide-mouth glass containers. It allows a metal plunger to push the gob down into the mold to form a parison. The parison is transferred to a blow mold and reheated to make the bottle ideal size.
Blow-and-Blow makes glass containers with different neck thicknesses. These bottles are manufactured by an automated process that combines pressing (forming the opening) and blow-and-blow to form the interior side of the glass container.
You can find more information on the glass manufacturing process here.
Generally, Glass bottles are classified by color, including green, amber and transparent.
In some cases, glass bottles can be completely reused without recycling. Just wash them or use chemicals to remove any impurities.
In the case of glass treatment, the glass is crushed and melted with sand, sodium hydroxide and limestone to make a new product. This is a great option to reduce the use of plastic bottles. If you want to know more facts about glass recycling, you can read this article.
In most cases, the glass may look transparent. In fact, the glasses are green, not as the bottle we often see, but like the glasses and cutlery used by grandparents in the town. This is because soda and limestone are used in manufacturing. However, in our daily life, we also have many other colored glass containers serving different purposes, such as cobalt, amber, clear (flint), red, green, white, black.
In the glass making process, glass bottles of different colors can be produced by adding colorants to the glass melt. Here are some common colorants:
Sulfur: The color ranges from pale yellow to almost black. However, if the glass is made of borosilicate, chemical reactions can make it blue. Conversely, if calcium is added to the mixture, the yellow color is enhanced.
Manganese: Added to remove natural green dyes, or to make the glass purple at higher concentrations.
Manganese dioxide: Black, used to remove the green color of glass, the process is very slow, turning it into sodium permanganate (a dark purple compound).
Cobalt: They make the crystals blue. Best results are obtained with potassium salt-containing glasses. A very small amount can be used as a bleach to return to clear glass.
Copper oxide: Produces blue-green electric glass.
Nickel: Produces blue or purple or even black crystals.
Chrome: Provides dark green. If mixed with tin oxide and arsenic, the glass will be emerald green.
Cadmium: Forms a strong yellow glass with sulfur, usually used in enamel. However, cadmium is toxic and is no longer used.
Titanium: Produces yellow-brown glass.
Uranium: Obtain yellow or green fluorescent glass. (And the color matches its color because it is a radioactive crystal! Although not enough to cause danger).
The production process of glass includes: batching, melting, forming, annealing and other processes.
1. Batching. In order to make glass bottles, the correct raw materials are needed. After weighing the various raw materials, they are mixed in a mixer evenly. The main raw materials of glass are quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, etc. To color the glass, some metal oxides are also mixed in the batch.
2. Melting. The prepared raw materials are heated at high temperature to form a uniform, bubble-free glass liquid. This is a very complicated physical and chemical reaction process.
3. Forming. In the production of blown glass, heated glass gobs from a furnace are introduced into a molding machine and into a mold, in which compressed air is allowed to enter the mold to create a neck and a general container shape. In order to get the final different containers, there are two different forming processes:
Blow & Blow Process:
Used to produce narrow glass bottles in which the parison is formed from compressed air.
Press & Blow Process:
Added vacuum-assisted process for producing wide-mouth bottles and also for narrow-mouth containers.
The parison is formed by pressing the glass onto a blank mold using a metal plunger.
4. Annealing. Once the blown glass container is formed, the new glass bottle is taken out of the mold and placed into an annealing furnace, where they are reheated until the temperature returns to as high as about 1500 ° F, and then gradually drops below 900 ° F.
This process cannot be omitted, otherwise, the glass will break easily.
5. Quality inspection
In order to obtain quality glass bottles, the heat should be monitored regularly to ensure that a consistent temperature is used throughout the glass manufacturing and molding process.
After leaving the cold end of the furnace, there should be quality control steps to detect defective glass bottles before they are delivered to the customer.
In fact, the appearance of these two kinds of vials is almost the same, except that the neck is slightly different and the molded bottle offers better transparency, which makes it easy to display the product.
When it comes to the making process, molded bottles and Tubular vials are produced in two different ways. The molds needed for the bottles to be made before making the molded bottles, while tubular vials are obtained by using a glass tube by hot edges. Alternatively, glass vials can be used for lyophilization.
If you are looking for essential oil glass bottles, you will have many colors to choose from. Choosing the right color will help your business succeed. Whether for aesthetic or conservation reasons, a brown/amber glass bottle is an ideal container to store your essential oils.
First, one thing we need to know is that essential oils are volatile and oxidized over time. To prevent spoilage and penetration, you need amber glass to ensure efficacy and safe use.
Why amber glass?
Amber is a low-intensity, low-frequency color that provides some transparency while blocking some harmful blue and ultraviolet rays. If you are concerned about UV protection, an amber essential oil bottle is a great choice for you.
There are other color choices include amber, blue / cobalt, clear / flint, and green if you store essential oils in a poorly lit environment.
During the glass melting of glass bottles, a large amount of gas is released.
As the melt enters the clarification stage, it continues to exclude air bubbles. In order to accelerate the elimination of air bubbles, high-temperature melting is generally used to reduce the viscosity of the glass liquid, or a substance that reduces the surface tension is added, or the pressure in the kiln is reduced to allow the air bubbles to escape.
However, some bubbles still remain in the glass liquid, or because bubbles are generated after the glass liquid interacts with the furnace gas and cannot be eliminated in time, this forms the bubbles remaining in the bottle.
Therefore we need to take the necessary measures to eliminate bubbles in the glass liquid.
1. Strictly observe the ingredients and melting system
2. Adjust the melting temperature, change the type and amount of fining agent
3. Properly change the glass composition to reduce the viscosity and surface tension of the melt.
Generally speaking, the quality inspectors of glass bottle manufacturers generally judge the quality of glass bottles based on the following indicators.
1. the deformation of the glass bottle body
When the bottle is not completely set and the gob temperature is too high, the glass bottle will collapse and deform. Sometimes the bottom is not cooled to a certain temperature, and the marks of the conveyor belt are printed, which makes the bottom of the bottle uneven.
2. Cracks in glass bottles
Cracks are the most widespread defect in the manufacture of glass bottles. It will be very thin, some can only be found in refracted light. Cracks often appear on the mouth, neck, shoulders, body, and bottom of the bottle.
3. the thickness of glass bottles is uneven
If the glass gob temperature is uneven during the process, the high-temperature part has a low viscosity and is easy to blow thin; while the low-temperature part has a large friction resistance because the glass bottle will be too thick.
4. Bubbles
Bubbles produced by glass bottle manufacturers during the forming process. It may be several large bubbles or many small bubbles clustered together, which is different from the average small bubbles scattered by the glass itself.
“I” DIMENSION: The inner diameter of the bottleneck.
“T” DIMENSION: The outside diameter of the thread.
“E” DIMENSION: The outside diameter of the neck.
“H” DIMENSION: The height of the neck finish.
“S” DIMENSION: Measured from the top of the finish to the top edge of the first thread.
400: 1 thread turn
410: 1.5 thread turns
415: 2 thread turns, narrow threads
425: Buttress Finish - thick threads & top bead (better seal, more application torque)
2030: Lug Finish - Non-continuous threads
2035: Lug Finish - Non-continuous threads, tall "H" dimension
We have an X-ray inspection system that can reliably identify glass bottles contaminated by foreign objects, especially foreign objects hidden in the raised bottom of the bottle.
The system can also scan from different sides from different angles to minimize the blind spots caused by the shape of the glass jar, which means a higher quality glass container.
When we talk about making glass bottles, we can't help but talk about bottle molds. Modern bottles are produced by using some type of metal mold. Let's take a look at how the mold has developed.
-Dip molds
-Pattern molds
-Half-post method
-Keyed & hinge molds
-Post-bottom molds
-Cup-bottom molds
-3-piece molds
-3 part molds with three body-mold leaves
-4-part molds
-Turn molds
-Plates & plate molds
-Mold air venting
The special shape of the Coca-Cola bottle is one of the most well-known bottle-shaped signs of the 20th century.
It has changed several times, but in essence, it has remained more or less the same. What is its exact source?
To understand it, we must go back to 1915.
The Root Glass Company in Terre Haute made contour bottles. Although the contour bottle was patented in 1915, it was only shown to the public in 1916. It does reduce weight, making it more beautiful and easier to hold with one hand. Due to the sand used in the glass manufacturing process, its stylized shape and green color make it a different container. You can recognize it with your eyes closed.
Now, the location of Tera Haute's original Root Glass factory is even a historic landmark to commemorate the birth of the Coca-Cola contour bottle!
Butyl rubber has extremely low air permeability and moisture permeability, heat resistance, aging resistance, and chemical resistance, which means that it is the ideal stopper to provide the maximum scalability for a pharmaceutical vial with straight wall glass surfaces.
The production process of the butyl rubber stopper
1. Cooperation. According to the formula of the raw materials, additives categories and dosage ratios.
2. Mixing. Various additives such as vulcanizing agents, vulcanizing accelerators, colorants, and halogenated butyl rubber plugs, fillers are mixed and form rubber compounds.
3. Pre-formed. In the process, rubber compounds form semi-finished products.
4. Vulcanization. Under certain conditions, rubber macromolecular chains undergo chemical changes and form crosslinks.
5. Die-cutting. Remove the excess of the stopper.
6. Clean the silicon. After removing the shavings and static electricity, the stopper will go into the cleaning machine, where the steps of clearing, rinsing, overflowing, siliconizing, drying, sterilizing, cooling and so on are completed.
7. Packaging.
The twist-off cap is a kind of bottle cap that is pressed around screw threads instead of a flange so that you can remove the cap by your bare hand without an opener.
Twist off caps manufacturing process mainly consists of four links: Pre-printing processing, printing, capping (forming) and packaging.
Pre-printing treatment-Surface treatment and coating treatment of thin steel sheet to improve printability and corrosion resistance of metal sheet.
Printing-According to production requirements, after plate making, printing, drying, glazing coating, drying and other processes, print graphics on the treated metal plate to achieve the purpose of propagating and protecting the contents, generally requiring metal printing ink To be resistant to high temperature, cooking, paint, color, non-toxic, water, grease, etc.
Cap making-The The cap making (forming) step is the final forming process of the cap, including stamping, forming, glue injection, drying and other processes.
Packaging-Includes quality inspection, counting, and packaging.
There are different types of closures used to seal different containers, including bottle, jug, jar, vail, tube, can. We will introduce you to the different types of caps, which will help you to choose the right application And container caps.
Screw top
Screw caps are common caps for cap bottles or other types of packaging. The threads help the cap apply pressure to the end of the bottle, creating a liquid-tight seal.
Crown cap
Crown cap closures are often used to seal beverage bottles. These are shallow metal caps that can be easily pressed into a locked position around the bottle head.
Snap-on
Some caps are designed to snap on. For the opening, you can see it often can pry off or, break off, or even there is a built-in dispenser.
Friction fit
Some containers have a loose lid for closure to easily slide into place and to remove.
Tamper-evident
You can find tamper-resistant bottle caps are common in the food and beverage industry and the pharmaceutical market. The cap is designed with a fixed band and is connected to the cap. Once you unscrew the cap, the security ring will break. So if you see a cracked ring, it probably means that the product is no longer safe enough to use.
For more information on different types of closures for bottles, containers, jars, and tins, check this article.
Dispensing
Built-in dispensing functions can be convenient. Common dispensing caps include:
Disc top cap
Fine mist sprayer
Glass dropper
Glass dropper
Orifice reducer
Pump
Child-resistant
Child-resistant Caps(CR Caps) are designed to keep Products and Kids Safe. There are some different kinds of childproof caps and closures below.
Rim snap caps
Squeeze and pull caps
Squeeze removal caps
Double shell push removal caps
Flip off caps with plastic and foil
Non-spill, non-leak screw caps
Pull rings
CR Caps with foam liner
CR Caps with vented foam liner